Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil against Escherichia coli strains isolated from meat products.

The present study sought to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-adherent potential of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil against food-borne strains of Escherichia coli. The study was performed using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). In addition, the disk diffusion technique was used to evaluate the association of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil with synthetic antimicrobials. The Minimum Inhibitory Adherence Concentration (MIC) was also performed. The results revealed that E. radiata showed antimicrobial activity against the E. coli strains tested, with MIC values ranging from 500 µg/mL to 1000 µg/mL and MBC values ranging from 500 µg/mL to 1,024 µg/mL. As for the associations, it was observed that E. radiata oil exhibited a synergistic effect for some antibiotics, especially Ceftriaxone, with greater interference from the essential oil. Furthermore, it was effective in inhibiting the adherence of bacterial strains of E. coli, showing a more significant antibiofilm effect than the antibacterial agent 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. In summary, the essential oil of E. radiata showed antimicrobial potential against strains of E. coli of food origin, and can therefore, through in-depth studies, be used alone or in association with synthetic antimicrobials to combat infections caused by this pathogen.

Effectiveness of oral chlorhexidine for the prevention of nosocomial pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units: Overview of systematic reviews.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize evidence regarding the effectiveness of using chlorhexidine for oral healthcare on patients in the intensive care unit for the prevention of nosocomial pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. METHODS: This overview of systematic reviews was developed using articles found in PUBMED, Cochrane Library, LILACS, CRD, CINHAL, manual search and grey literature. RESULTS: Of the total 16 systematic reviews, 14 included meta-analysis. Most of them were classified with high methodological quality. In seven systematic reviews, chlorhexidine was effective for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia in adult population in cardiothoracic intensive care unit. The effectiveness was contradictory with other population patients in intensive care units. CONCLUSION: Chlorhexidine has proven to be effective for the prevention of NP among adult populations in cardiothoracic ICU. In ICUs with patients who have varied clinical-surgical conditions, the effectiveness of chlorhexidine for the prevention of PN and VAP was inconclusive.

Treatment for agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of three orthodontic treatment modalities for agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors: 1) closing the space with the reshaped canine substituting the lateral incisor, 2) opening the space with placement of a conventional fixed bridge, and 3) opening the space with placement of a single-unit implant and an implant-supported crown. SETTING: Brazilian Cochrane Center and Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The following databases were investigated: Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (Edition 12, 2011), EMBASE (from 1974 to December 2011), MEDLINE (from 1965 to December 2011), LILACS (from 1966 to November 2011), and Odontology Brazilian Bibliography Database (from 1966 to November 2011). Conference abstracts, main Brazilian dissertations and theses databases, and reference lists were handsearched. This systematic review included randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including women aged 15 years or over and men aged 21 years or over who received one of the interventions stated above. Two observers independently evaluated all the studies regarding eligibility criteria and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. RESULTS: No studies were included in the review as no RCTs were found. Most of the evidence comes from case reports and narrative reviews on case reports and from three studies with a single post-intervention evaluation and non-comparable control groups with high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: There is no scientific evidence for any of the three most common types of treatment for agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisors. RCTs into this issue are still necessary.

Freqüência de aglutininas anti-Leptospira interrogans em soros sangüíneos de bovinos, em Minas Gerais, de 1980 a 2002 / Frequency of anti-Leptospira interrogans agglutinins in bovine serum samples in Minas Gerais, Brazil, 1980 to 2002

Foram analisados os resultados de exames de microaglutinação rápida, para pesquisa de aglutininas anti-Leptospira interrogans, em 39.012 soros sangüíneos de bovinos provenientes de 398 (47 por cento) municípios de Minas Gerais de 1980 a 2002. As sorovariedades mais freqüentes foram: hardjo (amostra Norma), 23,7 por cento, hardjo (OMS), 19,7 por cento, hardjo (hardjobovis), 13,8 por cento, e wolffi, 13,2 por cento. Os resultados mostraram relevância da hardjo como problema prioritário nas leptospiroses em bovinos em Minas Gerais. A baixa porcentagem de soros reagentes à pomona (2,8 por cento) e a mini (amostra Neguita) (3,0 por cento) indica que essas sorovariedades devem ser consideradas para esclarecer casos clínicos em bovinos quando a hardjo (OMS), hardjo (Norma) e hardjo (hardjobovis) não forem detectadas nos testes sorológicos. As porcentagens de reagentes para as sorovariedades canicola e icterohaemorrhagiae foram inferiores a 1 por cento. A infecção por Leptospira interrogans é endêmica em bovinos em Minas Gerais.